Blue represents low intensity expression, and red represents high intensity expression. (b, c) Heatmap comparing relative gene expression patterns of representative DEGs between hiPSC‐CPCs and hiPSC‐CMs on GO modified butterfly wings. Red (up‐regulated DEGs), blue (down‐regulated DEGs), gray (non‐DEGs), pink (fold‐change up‐regulated only), cerulean (fold‐change down‐regulated only), orange (significance value only). The x axis represents the fold change of the difference after log 2 conversion, and the y axis represents the significance value after −log 10 conversion. (a) Volcano plot depicting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from D6 hiPSC‐CPCs and D15 hiPSC‐CMs on GO modified butterfly wings. (i) Statistics of late‐stage EDU expression in hiPSC‐CPCs in immunofluorescence, GelMA (yellow), GO (green).ĭifferential gene expression profiles of hiPSC‐CPCs during differentiation and maturation on the GO modified butterfly wings. (h) The late‐stage proliferation of hiPSC‐CPCs on the GO modified butterfly wings, scale bar, 50 μm, EDU (red), DAPI (blue). (g) The late‐stage proliferation of hiPSC‐CPCs on the GelMA modified butterfly wings, scale bar, 50 μm, EDU (red), DAPI (blue). (f) Statistics of early‐stage EDU expression in hiPSC‐CPCs in immunofluorescence, GelMA (yellow), GO (green). (e) The early‐stage proliferation of hiPSC‐CPCs on the GO modified butterfly wings, scale bar, 50 μm, EDU (red), DAPI (blue).

(d) The early‐stage proliferation of hiPSC‐CPCs on the GelMA modified butterfly wings, scale bar, 50 μm, EDU (red), DAPI (blue). (c) Flow cytometry of ISL1 in the hiPSC‐CPCs on Day 6 prior to application on butterfly wings. (b) The immunofluorescence staining of the hiPSC‐CPCs, prior to application on butterfly wings, scale bar, 50 μm. (a) Schematic diagram of seeding hiPSC‐CMs on butterfly wings. GO modified butterfly wings promote the proliferation of hiPSC‐CPCs. (g) Quantitative analysis of Cx43 expression in hiPSC‐CMs, GelMA (yellow), GO (green), * indicates the level of significance. α‐Actin (green), CX43 (red), DAPI (blue). (f) The expression of CX43 in the hiPSC‐CMs on the GO modified butterfly wing via immunofluorescence. (e) The immunofluorescence staining reveals the expression of CX43 in the hiPSC‐CMs on the GelMA modified butterfly wing. (d) The effect of the topography of the butterfly wing on hiPSC‐CMs, GelMA (yellow), GO (green). (c) Immunofluorescence staining of hiPSC‐CMs arranged on the GO modified butterfly wing, scale bar, 100 μm, cTnT (green), DAPI (blue), brightfield. (b) Immunofluorescence staining of hiPSC‐CMs arranged on the GelMA modified butterfly wing, scale bar, 100 μm, cTnT (green), DAPI (blue), brightfield. (a) Schematic diagram that represents the cellular seeding of hiPSC‐CMs on butterfly wings. GO modified butterfly wings guide the directional alignment of hiPSC‐CMs and promote maturation.

Bioengineering & Translational Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers. These characteristics and capabilities of GO modified butterfly wings make them an ideal platform for heart research and drug screening.Ĭardiomyocyte maturation conduction consistent induced pluripotent stem cells morpho butterflies oxidized graphene. In accordance with data obtained from RNA-sequencing and gene signatures, assembling hiPSC-CPCs on GO modified butterfly wings stimulated the differentiation of the progenitors into relatively mature hiPSC-CMs. In addition, GO modified butterfly wings enhanced the proliferation and maturation characteristics of the hiPSC-CPCs. The GO modified butterfly wing platform facilitated the parallel orientation of hiPSC-CMs, enhanced relative maturation as well as improved conduction consistency of the cardiomyocytes. We also show this system functions as a versatile model to study human cardiomyogenesis by assembling human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hiPSC-CPCs) on the GO modified butterfly wings. Here, we construct a conduction-consistent human cardiac muscle patch by assembling human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) on graphene oxide (GO) modified butterfly wings. Butterfly wings have special nanostructures arranged in parallel, which could help generate the alignment of cardiomyocytes to better mimic the natural heart tissue structure. However, there is difficulty in obtaining and maintaining a system that allows researchers to study physiologically relevant cardiac development, maturation, and drug screening due to the issues around inconsistent contractions of cardiomyocytes. Engineering a conduction-consistent cardiac patch has direct implications to biomedical research.

If my heart had wings patch issues